the cia and cultural exchange programs

Baltimore Sun  March 2, 1967  Page A1
Pravda Says CIA Efforts Misuse Student Exchange

   Moscow, March 1 -- The Central Intelligence Agency was accused
today by Pravda of attempting to "wreck" the Soviet-United States
cultural and scientific exchange program by interfering in the
selection and training of students and professors and requesting
espionage work of those who come here.

   In a long article entitled "Another Page in the Dossier of the
CIA Scandal," the Soviet Communist party newspaper closely connected
the CIA with the Inter-University Committee on Travel Grants, which
organizes the exchange program for the United States Government.

   AS one of its charges the article said the committee employed
CIA agents to fill "key positions" in its summer training program
at Indiana University for exchange students bound for the Soviet
Union.

   The United States Embassy declined to comment on the article
pending the completion of a study of CIA operations ordered by
President Johnson two weeks ago when the controversy over CIA aid
to student and other groups began.

   In citing some "examples," Pravda named two former exchange
professors and a professor directing the program and nine former
exchange students as having been involved in CIA activities in the
Soviet Union.

   The United States Embassy confirmed that two of the professors
and seven of the students named had been in the exchange program
here.

   A spokesman said that no one at the Embassy knew of the two
other students cited by Pravda and that there were no records here
of their participation in the exchange program, which began in 1958.

   [...]

   Professor Albert Todd, identified as former director of the
Inter-University Committee's summer program was described by Pravda
as an "old CIA agent" who had been expelled from Czechoslovakia for
espionage and sent here in 1958 on CIA recommendation to participate
in the exchange program.

   Todd, on the faculty of Queen's College in New York, organized
the recent United States tour of Yevgeny Yevtushenko, the Russian
poet.

   Pravda also referred to a man named Edward Keenan, whom it
identifies as another "old CIA agent" and associate of Todd's in the
summer training program.

   Keenan came here in 1958 [sic] as an exchange student under CIA
auspices and was subsequently expelled, Pravda said.

   Others mentioned, with some account of their spying activities, in
the article which filled three columns of Pravda were:

   Michael Luther, said to have been sent here by the CIA as an
exchange student.

   Donald Leash, described as a graduate of Naval Intelligence school
who came here as an exchange student and who later served at the United
States Embassy until his expulsion last year for subversive activities.

   Martin Malia, identified as a professor at the University of
California and an "old CIA hand."

   Arthur Sprague, said to be a graduate of Military Intelligence
School.

   John Adams, a geology student.

   Edward Morrell, a law student.

   Martin Lopez-Morillas, an exchange student who hastily left the
Soviet Union recently. The Embassy said he left February 3 but declined
to state the reasons.

   Alfred Rieber and David MacKenzie, two former exchange students who
were said to be CIA agents who debriefed American students in Paris
returning from the Soviet Union.

   Of this group the Embassy confirmed the previous presence in the
Soviet
Union of Todd, Leash, Adams, Morrell, Lopez-Morillas, Rieber and
MacKenzie.

   Pravda also said that Professor Robert F. Byrnes, chairman of the
Inter-University Committee, came here recently and tried to "sow
suspicion and distrust of Soviet citizens" among the American exchange
students.

   Byrnes was in the Soviet Union from January 31 until February 5, the
Embassy said.

Baltimore Sun  March 2, 1967  Page A2

3 Deny Pravda's CIA-Tie Charges

   Cambridge, Mass., March 1 (AP) -- A Harvard University instructor
denied today charges that he worked for the Central Intelligence Agency
while an exchange student in the Soviet Union.

   Edward L. Keenan, Jr., 31, instructor in medieval Russian history
was one of those named by Pravda as having worked for the CIA.

   Keenan was a Soviet-American cultural program student in Russian
history at the University of Leningrad in 1959-60. He had been a
student at Indiana University.

   He said he had not worked for the CIA, had not done any spying, and
had not been questioned on his return by anyone identifying himself as
a CIA agent.

   Professor Martin Malia, of the history department at the University
of California, Berkeley, said today he never was connected with the
Central Intelligence Agency as charged by the Soviet newspaper Pravda.

   Pravda said Malia, acting as "an old CIA agent," persuaded a sick
and elderly Soviet citizens "to fabricate slanderous information about
his country for the CIA."

   Professor Malia said the charge had no truth to it.

   Pravda declared Professor Albert Todd, of Indiana University,
identified as the head of the preparatory course for the students,
was a long-time CIA agent. It said he had been expelled from
Czechoslovakia for espionage in 1949.

   Todd, now a teacher at Queen's College in New York City, described
the
charges as "rubbish."


Boston Globe  March 2, 1967  P35

   Moscow -- [... summary of Pravda article]

   According to the paper's allegations, an Edward Kinnan [sic] served
on the Inter-University Committee staff. Kinnan is identified as
"another protege of the CIA." Without specifying any date, Pravda says
he was asked to leave the Soviet Union for what the paper implies were
subversive activities.

   The Kinnan referred to is now a Harvard University instructor.
Wednesday [1st] he dismissed as "unworthy of rebuttal" the charges that
he spied for the Central Intelligence Agency while an exchange student
in the Soviet Union.

   Edward L. Keenan Jr., 31, an instructor in medieval Russian history
said the charges hold "no significance" for people aware of the
internal debate in Russia concerning the exchange program.

   He said similar charges against others in the program have been made
over the past several years.

   "Seen against this background," Keenan said, "It doesn't seem at all
important, except as part of the continuing discussion of the value and
cost of cultural exchanges."

   Keenan said the Russians "have been using wire service material
about the CIA with great glee and their readers are ready for anything.
It isn't as though some foreign minister had said it."

   Keenan was a Soviet-American cultural exchange student of Russian
history at the University of Leningrad in 1959-1960 while a graduate
student at Harvard.

   He said he had not worked for the CIA, had done no spying, and had
not been contacted by the CIA since his return.

   "I feel as though I've missed something," said Keenan, who was
engaged in a baby-sitting chore at his Garfield st., Cambridge home,
when newsmen called.

   "It is become rather fashionable to accuse people of having
something to do with the CIA."

   He recalled that similar charges were leveled against him by the
Russian press and radio while he was in Leningrad eight years ago.

   He said he felt the charges, then as now, were for internal
consumption in the Soviet Union and were intended to discourage
contact between Russian and American students.

   Keenan, who speaks Russians fluently, said the earlier charges
leveled against him "blew over" quickly, adding he hoped the same
thing will happen in his present situation.



  I believe Greg Parker has mentioned that Edward Keenan was present
at at American Embassy in Moscow in 1959 when Oswald met with
Snyder, according to "Marina and Lee". Keenan was also interviewed
by John Newman for "Oswald and the CIA" where he is referred to as
"Ned Keenan".

Jerry Shinley

p 60 of the Los Angeles times, March 2, 1967

 'It would be utterly wrong to think that these CIA Subverted Cultural Accords, Russia Claims Professors, Students Linked to Attempts to Gather Intelligence Data, Pravda Says BY RICHARD RESTON Tlmti Stiff Wi-lttr specialists m spying and subversive activity have bought American students," Pravda said. The newspaper notes a s i x - w e e k preparatory course for exchange students and faculty at Indiana University, under the direction of the Intcr-university Committee. Pravda suggests "key jobs at these courses are held by the CIA. "Until recently," the paper said, "Albert Todd, a teacher, known in university circles as a specialist on Russia, was the director of these courses." However, the paper said Todd was active in the 1956 Hungarian revolt and was thrown out of Czechoslovakia in 1949 for "espionage" activity. 'Sent by CIA' Pravda also suggests that Todd was sent to Moscow University during the 1958-1959 academic year "at the recommendation of the CIA" and as a "learned philosopher under the student exchange program." According to the paper's allegations, an Edward Keenan served on the same Inter- university Committee staff as Todd. Keenan is identified as "another protege of the CIA." Without specifying any date, Pravda says he was asked lo leave the Soviet Union for what the paper implies were sub in the U.S.S.H. he did not visit a single library or reading hall." Instead, the paper suggests, Malia was searching for information critical to the CIA and its 1961 "gamble" at the Bay of Pigs fiasco in Cuba. Pravda also alleges that Malia recruited a Russian ior "spy activities" while in the Soviet Union. Charge Denied (In Berkeley, Prof. Malia said Wednesday he never was connected with the CIA as charged by Pravda. Malia said the charge had no truth to it. (He said he did serve in 195 as a special consultant for the Library of Congress. In a project sponsored by the U.S. Department of State, he negotiated an exchange of books between the Soviet Union and U.S. libraries. One of his courses as a professor is a history of the Soviet Union.) Pravda sp ecifically pointed its attack at the U.S. I n t e r-u n iversily Committee on Travel Grants, which negotiates-exchanges from the American side. 'Third Forces' "The positive activities of this committee are handicapped by various third forces, the main part among these being played by the same notorious espionage organization the CIA," the newspaper declared. It said the CIA cast a "sinister shadow" over the Soviet - American student exchange program from the very first days of its existence. Moscow concedes that the "overwhelming majority" nf these American exchange candidates are not involved in alleged CIA activity in this coun MOSCOW The Soviet Union charged Wednesday that the Central Intelligence Agency used Soviet-American cultural agreements to subvert student and faculty exchanges between the two countries. The Russian charges Identified certain American professors and students by name, and linked them to alleged CIA attempts to gather i n telligence information Inside the Soviet Union. This latest Soviet attack, raised by the CIA controversy in the United States, was carried in Pravda, the official Communist Party newspaper. Sensitive Area The charges touched an area of the cultural exchange program which thus far has been relatively free of Cold War polemics. From time to time, Soviet-American friction has hampered and even canceled such highly visible exchanges as sporting events and artistic or theatrical performances. But since the first trilateral cultural agreement was signed in 1 958, educational authorities on both sides have tried to keep the student and faculty exchanges out of the political limelight. Some 600 undergraduate and postgraduate students and teachers 300 from each side have been exchanged since 1958. The last two-year cultural agreement was signed in April, 196G. Prof. Martin Malia of the University of California is named bv Pravda as an "old CIA agent." The article said Malia participated in the student exchange program, but that "iri a year of his stay versive activities. A Michael Luther is named on the same committee staff. The paper alleges that. Luther was active in New York with Ukrainian emigrant circles in 1953. Pravda states that in 1957, Luther, in the guise of a tourist, visited Leningrad where he recruited two Russians. Russians Seized These Russians, the paper asserts, were later seized "with some instructions from the CIA and cryptography means." Moreover, Pravda charges that on various other student exchanges with the Soviet Union, the CIA is working closely with such American organizations as as the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Foundation.

I find this subject fascinating reading.

http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs2/1958-60v10p2/reference/frus.frus195860v10p2.i0008.pdf

With Dulles and Nixon involved what could go wrong...


....just who is taking the History of USSR/Soviet Union classes but future Dept. Of State Officials , CIA trainees, History students taking the more difficult courses to get degree or PHD in history, so they can be profs and teach the same.
And then these "academics" like Keenan or "Ned" and Malia


Ned’s craft was history, and his specialization was medieval Russian. Within his field, he became prominent and controversial for studies that sought to analyze and ultimately to disprove the supposed authenticity of major sources in East Slavic history. Two volumes, more than three decades apart, argue that two major documents, one a set of correspondence and the other an epic tale, were not medieval at all, but seventeenth- and eighteenth-century, respectively. The first book, questioning among other things Ivan the Terrible’s writing skill, provoked a fierce polemic across Cold War borders with a leading Soviet expert on Russian history. Ned also published many seminal articles (the first appeared in 1958) on the political and social structure of Muscovy. For example, he demonstrated that the ruler was envisioned not as an all-powerful dictator but as a referee at the center of a complex, consensus-driven power network. In quantity, his bibliography extended to 22 pages already by 1997.
If Ned’s discipline was history, his principal tool was language. His linguistic abilities were renowned, notably his native-level fluency in Russian, but also his facility in Spanish, an early love of his. Émigrés from the Soviet Union marveled at his command of their principal tongue and a quiver of other Slavic ones, which he maintained even after being ejected and not allowed to return. The list could be extended considerably, since that two-year stay was for studying Uzbek and Turkmen. 




It was 1960 when I first met Ned; we both were graduate students at Harvard, he a few years further along than I. More properly, what I encountered first was his legendary aura. One story was emblematic. At Leningrad University in the 1950’s during Ned’s student-exchange days, so went the tale, one day a large crowd of students had been drawn to hear a visiting professor from far away Harvard University (a young Richard Pipes?) speak on Russian history. The entire session was conducted in Russian.


Most of the liberal narrative’s supposed “moments of divergence” collapse upon closer examination (Alexander II, for instance, had no intention whatsoever of relinquishing absolute imperial authority), and the patrimonial model is all too crude a tool to dissect the sometimes very intricate negotiations that exercising power in the Russian Empire required. In 1976, two years after the publication of Pipes’s defining work, Russia under the Old Regime, Edward L. Keenan wrote the initial version of “Muscovite Political Folkways.” Though it was prepared under a State Department contract, it would eventually come to define the field’s response to cold war as well as Pipesian historiography. 




An underachieving Harvard basketball player in 1953, Keenan began to study Russian history by accident after a college counselor advised him to pursue a “language major.” His knowledge of Russian and research expertise soon became legendary. Semi-mythical stories circulated among his students and colleagues. His Russian was said to be such that he could travel and pass as a native anywhere in the Soviet Union. Having left his dissertation on a train in Eurasia, he went home and simply started a new one—rewriting the old would apparently have been too tedious. According to declassified CIA documents, Keenan was present at the US Embassy in Moscow in 1959 when Lee Harvey Oswald attempted to renounce his American citizenship. Certain JFK assassination conspiracy-theory websites, as well as old issues of Pravda, assert that Keenan was in fact a CIA agent at the time; Keenan himself relished the stamp in his passport which marked him as having been expelled from the USSR. Still, it would be somewhat un-Keenanesque to accept such sources at their word: after all, his relentless questioning of apparently solid documentary evidence came to define his scholarly career.


While studying Arabic intensively after his graduation, Keenan became interested in the Turkic minorities of the Soviet Union and spent 1959–61 in Leningrad studying Uzbek and Turkmen. It was there he came to appreciate that the study of the medieval period of Russian history was not as hamstrung by Marxist-Leninist ideology as the modern period and he shifted towards the former


Martin Malia
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/11/19_malia.shtml


As Greg pointed out.:
"he did not visit a single library or reading hall." Instead, the paper suggests, Malia was searching for information critical to the CIA and its 1961 "gamble" at the Bay of Pigs fiasco in Cuba."




In April 1969, a small group of students took over Harvard's University Hall to protest the institution's involvement in the Vietnam War. The students rifled through official files for two days before being evicted by the administration (with the help of the state police). Some of their findings—what they called "newly liberated documents"—soon appeared in a pamphlet, How Harvard Rules. That pamphlet outlined Harvard's importance to the national-security apparatus, showing how Harvard faculty members conducted research for the Departments of Defense and State, the Central Intelligence Agency, the White House, and (perhaps less surprisingly) the Council of Foreign Relations. As two wry historians of Harvard note, the pamphlet's "assumption of Harvard's omnipotence in the corridors of power … differed more in disapproval than in substance from the hubristic Harvard tone of the Kennedy years." 1 


This brief episode neatly illustrates both a defining feature of early Sovietology and the conflicts that engulfed it in the 1960s. The protestors' pamphlet excoriated Harvard's Russian Research Center (RRC), now the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, calling it a "Cold War baby" that brought a "new politicization of the content of the social sciences," the purpose of which was "to provide the needed data and intelligence to expand and manage the [American] Empire." 2 This vision, minus the word "empire," would have caused little trouble for the founding fathers (no mothers here) of the RRC; they clearly viewed their work as serving the interests of both government and scholarship. They saw their work as scholars and as consultants/advisors to government as undivided, even indivisible, aspects of their professional careers; their connections brought new ideas to the policy/intelligence world and new funds and attention to the academy. This model of Soviet Studies did not survive the 1960s, as it attracted direct and indirect attacks from a younger generation of scholars who saw the government ties as stigmata that demonstrated the field's corruption.
The events that shook Harvard and other campuses in the late 1960s left echoes across American academic life, reflected in the four life histories under review here. These life stories cover three scholarly generations, from Alexander Gerschenkron (arrived at Harvard as a full professor in 1949) to Richard Pipes and Adam Ulam (graduate students and then junior faculty members at Harvard in the 1950s) to Loren Graham (whose Harvard connections are looser and later; he embarked on his teaching career at Indiana before stopping off at Columbia for most of the 1960s and arriving in Cambridge in the late 1970s). Taken together, they reveal not just the personalities and politics of their subjects, but also some of the forces that united and divided the field of Soviet Studies. As such, they offer the chance to think through the intellectual and social history of Soviet Studies—and add to those histories the institutional history that so animated the 1960s debates but is notable for its absence from these life stories.
Nicholas Dawidoff's book The Fly Swatteris a biography of an intellectual—his grandfather, Alexander Gerschenkron—but not an intellectual biography. A journalist whose previous work includes a book about a Chicago White Sox player who spent World War II as an American spy, Dawidoff was hardly content to rest on family recollections and lore. He spoke with scores of Gerschenkron's colleagues, friends, and students; read...
http://muse.jhu.edu/article/201675


Of note is the context of Gary Powers shoot down and the US Soviet talks.
Robert Webster and Lee Oswald defections, and Ruth Paine letter writing campaign for Friends Society. All are in a way a "cultural exchange"... yes?

 Robert Webster, Soviets need plastics for space race.


October 18, 1964 Kokomo Tribune, Indiana.
America's Most Wanted What makes a turncoat? What happens to them? Who are most dangerous to their country? MORE THAN 200 AMERICANS have defected to the Communists in recent years--some taking with them top U.S. diplomatic and military secrets, others vilifying their homeland in raging propaganda broadcasts. , The most infamous defector, of course, was Lee Harvey Oswald, alleged assassin of President Kennedy. When he fled behind the Iron Curtain, our whole pattern of radar coverage in the Pacific had to be changed because, as a Marine, he once had been assigned to electronic control centers in California and Japan. But what of the others? Why did they defect? What happens to them? And, most important, who are most dangerous to the U.S.? Defectors such as Robert E. Webster of Zelienople, Pa., are unimportant to any society. Webster, a plastics technician, claimed in a propaganda speech that he defected "for ideological reasons." The truth is that he ran off with a Russian waitress named Vera, whom he'd met while working as a technician in the American exhibit at a Moscow trade fair. Left behind were his American wife and two children. Other defectors are types neither the East nor West can tolerate. Sidney Sparks of Wrightsville, Ga., was an Army enlisted man awaiting trial for assault and robbery of a West German taxi driver when he escaped the guardhouse and crossed into East Germany, asking asylum. The Reds didn't believe his story, although it was true, and sent him to jail for 15 years as a spy. He was released after three years and turned over to U.S. authorities, who gave him a 10-year sentence of their own. Many Americans defect while ideologically confused. They have no secrets to reveal and, if they decide to return, the U.S. just shrugs. An ex-Air Force major went to Russia in 1959 with his wife and three children. "I am tired of the kind of life in which the human being has no value," he told Pravda and Izvestia. "I am firmly convinced that there is Fa-mill/ Weekly, October li, 1364 no future for my children or my family under capitalism. There is a certain kind of freedom in the United States, but it is monopolized by the Rockefellers, Morgans, Van- derbilts, and their kind. I have found genuine freedom in the socialist world." If he did, he apparently didn't like it. Last year he and his family came back to this country. "We are extremely glad to be home he said. No charges were placed against him, and his U.S. citizenship was restored. Such indifference does not await other defectors. Some face charges ranging from treason to murder, from kidnaping to desertion. U.S. intelligence agencies have dossiers on the "most wanted" defectors and, presumably, a bitter reception awaits them should they ever return. Here are some of the "wanted" turncoats-: ,"William Martin and Bernon Mitchell: This pair had a lot in common before they checked out of the National Security Agency's · heavily guarded headquarters at Fort Meade, Md., on June 28, 1960, ostensibly to start a three-week motor vacation in the West. Instead they vanished. Later, as embarrassed U.S. security aorcnts retraced their activities, it was discovered they went to Washington's National Airport, flew to Mexico, stayed there briefly, then flew to Havana, and went on to Russia by Soviet ship. Once in Moscow, they began trying to crack U.S. secret codes--about which they knew a lot They also lent themselves to anti- U.S. propaganda interviews. On our side, we had to .make complicated and expensive changes in our codes because the Reds give defectors severe psychological tests to learn everything they know. The brainy pair--both have "genius IQs and are mathematical experts--first met in the early '50s when they were communications technicians in the Navy. From that point on they became inseparable. Out of the service, they went to college, then joined the National Security Agency as code experts. Neither ever married, and they lived near each other in Laurel, Md. According to knowledgeable experts, their defection was the worst breach of U.S. security since Klaus Fuchs gave away America's A-bomb secrets. They had knowledge of every American listening post around the world. Their flight behind the Iron Curtain compromised the entire -network of U.S. radio intelligence. Master Sft Willard E. Valentini, VS. Army: Born in 1928 in Lorain, Ohio, Valentini enlisted in the Army in 1946 and was serving with a sensitive Signal Corps battalion at Mannheim, West Germany, when he defected to East Germany in mid-1963. family Wttelcly /October is, By JAMES H * WINCHESTER Here are dossiers on some of the men who have gone over to the Communist mrld At the time he was awaiting trial by general court martial for misappropriation of Government funds.-He had been in other Army trouble, too. getting a reprimand and a $160 fine for being AWOL in May, 1963, and a reduction in rank and a $100 fine a month later for drunken driving and disorderly conduct. Shortly afterward, he was arrested again, this time for taking Government funds. While all the evidence points to his going behind the Iron Curtain to escape criminal prosecution, he has been active in anti-U.S. propaganda since the Reds granted him asylum. Just recently, a long article under his byline appeared in an East German news- Master Srgt. William E. Valentini paper charging the United States with "preparing for war." Victor Norris Hamilton: Before his defection to Russia, Hamilton was employed for two years as a research analyst for the National Security Agency, whose prime job is monitoring Russian broadcasts and gathering communications intelligence through code breaking. Hamilton turned up in Moscow in July, 1963, where he requested political asylum. Shortly afterward, Izvestia published a letter from him in which he charged that NSA was intercepting and decoding secret instructions from Arab countries to the'UN delegations. The letter said he was disillusioned with life in the United States. A naturalized U.S. citizen, Hamilton (whose original name was (Hindali) was born in Lebanon. He married an American in Libya, and they came to the United States in the late '40s, living in Atlanta and Dallas before moving to Washington, where he began working for NSA in 1967. When he defected, he left his wife and two young daughters behind. The Defense Department insists there is no relationship between Hamilton's defection and that of Mitchell and Martin, although all worked for the same intelligence agency. · "Hamilton's work was limited to his knowledge of Arabic and the Middle East," says Robert Sylvester, Pentagon press chief. "In the opinion of NSA psychiatrists, he was approaching a mental breakdown when he was dismissed from the agency in 1959." Nevertheless, following his defection, the NSA tightened its personnel security system and released several employees in an effort to weed out other undesirables. Robert Williams: A native of Union County, N.C., Williams fled to Cuba in September, 1961, after being charged with aiding in the kidnaping of a couple during a race riot in North Carolina. The kidnaping charge carries a possible death sentence. Although he knows no Spanish, Williams is a Castro prize and much in demand as a public speaker. His theme is always the same: the Negro in America is persecuted. A self-avowed Communist, his inflammatory English-language broadcasts are beamed to the U.S., urging Negroes to violence. His monthly newsletter, distributed in the U.S. via Canada, is devoted to the doctrine that freedom for the Negro can best be achieved by armed insurrection. "Flame throwers for killing policemen can be manufactured at home," he declared in a recent issue. Sgt Benjamin Cain, VS. Army: Cain, 36, was stationed with the crack U.S. Sixth Infantry in West Berlin when he sought asylum from East Berlin border guards in May, I 1963. His home is in Frederica, Del. The Army has released no other information on Sergeant Cain, and he has not been heard from since his defection. Why do men behave like this? It is incomprehensible to freedom-loving Americans that anyone would consciously give up his privilege to live in this land of liberty. But nature has a way of producing emotional misfits who can't adjust to society--even a free society. The chances are that these men haven't adjusted to the Communists' oppressive society, either, and have long since regretted their defection .behind the Iron Curtain.
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/45670548/

Ed, I'm exhausted just trying to keep up these few days.

Barkeep, I think Ed is owed the ultimate accolade one can get in high society - a drink named after him!

What an amazing amount of work - and if I can just zoom in on one comment for now - I too am fascinated by these areas you've been plowing. I'm pretty sure most of this stands as unique and important. At some point, I'm going to have to sift through it again with a fine toothed mind and try and see what fits with where we are.

Greg, Im much obliged.
There are some reoccurring themes,
the NAACP, Lee complaining the plight of the African American, same for at least one or two other 'exchanged'
Most of 1962 ACLU annual report is concerning Blacks rights and rest is communism related/speech/groups.

The Russians really deemed it true of every colored, and the exchange was an eye opener to Soviets.

As was the propaganda from US about the history of and life in the Soviet states.

The language needs of those academics and focus on Eastern languages which would become so important to US policies, spying, electronic surveillance, negotiations, and CIA involvement in those Arabic, Turk, and Middle East countries.
seemed important to know the Russian translations of those rather than purely the languages themselves.How the Russians speak them, etc. 

The history was used as a stir stick, and turned upside down.
Ivan was illiterate! Holy cow. like calling George Washington a commie.

so much interesting parts of this, sad there were only a few articles about each player.

Yes take some time to look at all of it and make some quality points from the data.

Cheers!! Ed

(Have a Ledoux Brew)