The Limo Did Not Stop

I viewed a recent interview with Clint Hill who mentioned that the Secret Service follow up car maintained a 3-5 foot distance behind the presidential limousine at all times regardless of speed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WKpHQkHpXo

I reviewed various film clips of the motorcade taken between Love Field and Dealey Plaza and was astonished to see that this was true.  After all, traffic safety experts warn us to maintain a certain distance in multiples of car lengths behind the vehicle in front and those multiples increase with increasing speed. So if the presidential limo stopped, why didn’t the SS follow up car crash into it?

A key insight is gained by imagining two people, each holding the ends of a rope at a separation distance that just avoids having the rope sag. If they walk at the same speed in the same direction, the rope will neither sag nor pull taught. If the leader were to slow down, the rope will sag until the follower also begins to slow down. If the follower slows down at the same rate as the leader but after a delay, the sag of the rope will be maintained. The takeaway is that for identical deceleration rates, the sag of the rope only depends on the initial speed and the delay time of the follower to commence slowing down.

The Delayed Braking Response Distance is the distance a vehicle will travel between the time the driver recognizes the need to brake and the time the brakes are applied.

DBRD = Td * Vi

Where:
Vi = Initial velocity (feet/sec)
Td = Delay time in applying the brakes (seconds)

For a skilled driver, the minimum Td is found to be 0.7 (seconds)

https://www.visualexpert.com/Resources/reactiontime.html

It is assumed that the presidential limousine was initially traveling at 8 miles per hour which is the lowest velocity determined from the Zapruder film. It is also assumed that the initial separation distance between the presidential limo and SS followup car was 5 feet which of the upper range of the Clint Hill estimate. Because this separation distance was tightly maintained, it means that the SS followup car was also traveling at an initial velocity of 8 miles per hour. These values give the maximum margin for avoiding a collision. It will also be assumed that once the brakes are applied, both vehicles will slow down at the same rates. This eliminates the need to know the specific braking characteristics of either vehicle. It also means that the braking distances of both vehicles are the same and cancel each other out.

A collision is determined by comparing the initial separation distance with the Delayed Braking Response Distance. If the DBRD is greater than or equal to the initial separation distance, the vehicles collide.

Evaluating the DBRD for a delay time of 0.7 seconds at a velocity of 8 miles per hour (11.7 feet/sec) it is found that the SS follow up car travels a distance of 8.2 feet before the brakes are even applied. A collision results.

In fact, for a separation distance of 5 feet, a collision appears unavoidable at speeds above 4-5 miles per hour unless the drivers of both vehicles are in communication so that the followup car can begin braking first.

What probably happened was that the gap was somewhat larger and the SS followup car braked far more aggressively than the presidential limo. What many of the witnesses (particularly those further back in the motorcade) who claimed the limo stop actually saw the very abrupt deceleration of the SS followup vehicle and conflated it with the presidential limo coming to a stop. Those witnesses nearby, including the motorcycle escorts noted their relative gain on the presidential limo as well as the narrowed gap between the two vehicles. The stress of the situation filled in the details.

I have sent an inquiry to Clint Hill on how collisions were avoided in the motorcade.

Lanceman that's a logic error.
You are using the fact the Queen Mary kept a tight distance at all speeds to ask a strawman
"..if the presidential limo stopped, why didn’t the SS follow up car crash into it?"
Obviously it braked and kept from crashing into the slowed limo which accelerated by the time it reached the spot the limo slows.
Quite simply the limo moved out of the way... it didn't stay there.

Problem is the memory of the limo is still fresh on the minds of Newman etc slowing down to a crawl not the Queen Mary SS car.
The witnesses closest to the limo will tell you about observing the limo.

Of course the motorcade accordion'd.

The film/s show the limo deceleration.

From 11 to < 8 but as has been shown to be smooth which is garbage. Occupants fly forward from a sudden deceleration event.

The limo slowed dramatically caused the motorbikes to brake and the Queen Mary to slow more dramatically than the limo.
This continues back up the motorcade, not as slowing but as cars stopped ... long enough for Lem Johns to jump out and make for the VP car.
By the time camera cars are at the corner the busses and motorcade is parked (SEE WEIGMAN OUT TAKES) along Houston street!
Zapruder film is in question due to this very issue, speed is too smooth.

Alvarez actually proofs the anomaly.






PS Daniel film and Zapruder show the Queen Mary not 4 feet but 40 yards behind the SS100X.

Cheers
Ed

So did the limo come to a complete stop or not?

Newman said it braked then took off.
I wouldn't describe the closest witness as anything but a truthful version.
Newman describes it not as a stop but braking... hitting the brake and brake light coming on so not just slowing by lifting off accelerator or gearing but by placing one's foot on the fat pedal.
One might say deliberately so.

As of 2016 (beginning at 11:15 in the video link below), Newman states that he believes the (limo) momentarily stopped, and stopped so abruptly that the suspension rocked and that this stop happened after the fatal head shot. Some time after Clint Hill reached the limo, the limo accelerated onward.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GcJnww6pxw

Newman also believes that at least some Secret Service agents carrying machine guns left the motorcade and proceeded up the grassy knoll.

What do you think is the last unaltered frame prior to Z-313 from which a valid initial limo speed can be inferred and what is that speed?

I should clarify that the 3-5 foot distance maintained between the SS followup car and the presidential limo happened up until the shots were fired. That’s what all the photos and films show. Once the presidential limo accelerated out of Dealey Plaza, that distance was obviously not maintained as the Daniels film taken from the other side of the triple underpass shows. 

I agree that the Secret Service followup car had to have braked more aggressively than the limo. That’s why I assumed the lowest initial speed seen in the Z-film and the largest realistic separation distance. If assuming both vehicles brake at the same rate results in an unavoidable collision, then obviously, the followup car had make a more rapid braking action.

Yes and as seen on Zap the limo occupants are thrown forwards.
Yet pan and limo speed analysis are not compatible with such brake tap.

Yes and Newman clarified:
"when I say ‘stopped’ I mean very momentarily, like they hit the brakes and just a few seconds passed and then they floorboarded and accelerated on … and just for a moment they hesitated and stopped.”

Either way the Zfilm has smoothness that should not be there.
I imagine the reality was Greer brakes enough to get Clint aboard.
Jackie climbing out onto trunk may have some added significance too.

The limo didn't stop. It did slow down. You can obviously see this from not one but two angles:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWEXZyMJMtA

Yes paused.
Not stopped.
As noted Greer saw Clint trying to make it to the limo and hit the brakes or Jackie's climb out onto trunk lid made Greer slow his roll imo.


We can't ask Greer.
So besides his testimony there was one interview.

What would be the motivation for hiding a limo slowdown to allow Clint Hill to reach it or to prevent Jackie from sliding  off the trunk? These would have been justifiable actions with no material impact on the course of events since JFK was fatally wounded by that time.

An argument could be made that Greer was right NOT to accelerate right away to allow the Secret Service agents in the followup car to reach the limo and shield JFK. That’s why the spacing between the vehicles was kept to 3-5 feet.

I don’t see how a dramatic limo stop would have helped snipers since their tracking of the vehicle would have been seriously disrupted and the target inside the vehicle violently flailed about. Particularly for a sniper outside the line of travel such as from the GK or South Knoll. That’s assuming the driver was foolish enough to knowingly drive into a crossfire.

Newman ultimately says the limo stopped. It’s hard to believe to see the suspension rock unless you believe the limo has stopped. He also says he and his family hit the deck right after the fatal shot and if you see how they are lying on the ground, they are facing away from the motorcade.

Imagine being there seeing it happen.

That pause may have seemed like a lifetime,,,,,,,, and SS were in CYA mode on this.
Slowing in a shooting gallery. Really bad images are brought to mind and the SS smoothed things out.
Minimize its impact.
I liked the comments about the YouTube sync of Nix Zap. One noted once Jackie touches Jack they don't sync up precisely anymore.
Cheers
Ed

They do sync up, Ed. They do. There was no film manipulation. None. You're just seeing things because you *want* to see that. I think the problem, Ed, is you seem to be one of those kind of people that see things everywhere. The films have been manipulated (e.g., "see - they look different"). Then that piece of film looks different (e.g., "see - look at that difference"). If it's not one thing it's something else, or other, or whatever.

It was multiple shooters, Ed. In a location to hide those shooters while the big reveal was the fake 6th floor staged "sniper's nest." From there, the real "manipulation" was to murder the patsy. Of course, that failed on Friday so Ruby stepped in to do it. That's when the manipulation started. The patsy was dead so they simply had to "manipulate" the record so Oswald would be the only assassin. And yes, the BYP were faked as they needed as much of an obvious piece of evidence to blame Oswald.

Therefore, there was no need for them to fake the Z film or any other film for that matter. Think about it, Ed. Why would they risk trying to alter film shot by others which they had no real guaranteed control over when they could fake a more obvious piece of evidence like the BYP?

I am evaluating some deceleration/stop scenarios using pre Z-300 information using Clint Hill’s run as a clock, performance characteristics of the limo and the fact that Clint did not pass the limo and caught up with it with essentially no difference in speed.

I want to keep the technical stuff to a minimum so it does not cause a “Math Rules” narcosis.

One possible objection to the analysis I presented above is that the Secret Service follow up car driver might have reduced speed before observing the reduction in speed/brake lights on the presidential limousine to avoid injuring Clint Hill during his sprint to the limo. So this would give more margin to avoiding a collision with a stopped/drastically slowed limo. On the other hand, the constraint is no longer crashing into the limo, it is avoiding injuring Clint Hill. So I will revise my analysis to account for this possibility. The SS followup car driver Kinney did not testify before the WC and there is little information of his actions at this time.

Ed Forum has a new post from Gil Jesus on the limo stopping.

https://educationforum.ipbhost.com/topic/27773-the-limo-agents/

Ed mentioned Jackie on the trunk being significant. Millicent Cranor raised the issue of the Nix and Zapruder films showing different indications of how far Jackie was extended over the trunk.

https://whowhatwhy.org/jfk/jfk-assassination-film-proof-of-tampering/

Given the mass and momentum of the limo (I estimate it weighed at least 4000 Kg with 6 passengers that day plus equipment), any deceleration over the roughly 8 seconds of interest had to be be due to either applying the brakes deliberately/inadvertantly or releasing the accelerator with the transmission locked in low gear. While Greer mentioned in his WC testimony that the car was in low gear, it is not specified whether it was automatically in low gear based on the speed or whether he locked it into low gear. If it was locked in low gear, he would have had to place the transmission in “Drive” before he floored the accelerator to prevent engine overspeed. So I think he had the transmission in “Drive”.

The presidential limo was mechanically well maintained, traveling on a slight decline of about 3 degrees and I calculated the deceleration due to air drag at 30 mile per hour relative wind speed as microscopic.

Why alter a film?
A film that wasn't going to be shown ...?
A film Life paid for and locked up?
A film that was supposed to show JFKs head driven violently forward by a bullet?
That film?

Cheers

Greer might have slowed down because he felt the shots came from the front. He did not want to drive into a ambush.

I’ve only made a first pass at Greer, Kellerman and Hill’s WC testimony so I haven’t sequenced their claimed actions. I don’t believe it was physiologically possible that JFK said, “My god, I am hit!” as Kellerman testified. Jackie did not hear that (neither did anyone else in the car) but she did hear Connally yell “Oh, no!”.

If the Z-film is correct, It took Hill no more than 4.6 seconds to reach the limo (Z-340 - Z-255)/18.3 frames per second. But at Z-255, Hill is observing JFK but is not yet showing any physical preparations for dashing to the limo. So Hill’s run could have been as short as 3.6 seconds or even less. 

If you imagine Hill and the limo on a large treadmill separated by about 16 feet (front of followup car 8 feet behind back of limo and Hill 8 feet behind front of followup car) and set the treadmill and limo to run at 12 miles per hour, it would take Hill about 3.6 seconds if Hill normally ran at 15 miles per hour (3 miles an hour or 4.4 feet per second relative to the limo). Note that Hill gets a running start since he is on the followup car going at about the same speed as the limo. Although Hill was in a suit and wearing dress shoes, he was in his early thirties and was fairly athletic so 15 miles per hour over a span of a few seconds is reasonable even accounting for avoiding a motorcycle escort. And that ignores any slowing down of the limo.

Assuming a reasonable 1/3 g deceleration of the 12 mile per hour limo, a complete stop would take 1.8 seconds. Doubling the deceleration to 2 gs cuts the time in half but then you have the passengers and target significantly thrown about the car, possibly brakes squealing and skid marks for such a heavy vehicle. And the sniper’s tracking has been upset and he must re-acquire the target who may still be moving to reseat himself (the earlier shots might have missed). From this standing start, the limo must now accelerate back to 15 miles per hour which will take about 3.1 seconds as the limo is so heavy that the 0-60 time is about 12 seconds when scaled according to the power to weight ratios of muscle cars. Otherwise, Clint Hill will smash right into the limo or at least look silly stopping just short and needing 3 attempts to mount the back of the limo.

Adding limo slowdown to a stop (1.8 seconds) and limo acceleration time to 15 miles per hour (3.1 seconds) gives a total of 4.9 seconds. However, this leaves no time for the sniper to take advantage of the stop even if it takes Hill the full 4.6 seconds to reach the limo.

The only info used from the Z-film the initial limo speed and Clint Hill’s position at Z-255 and what is seen at circa Z-340 and the supposed camera speed of 18.3 seconds per frame.

If frames were removed such that Z-340 was really Z-377 to hide a 2 second stop, Clint Hill would have ran at a ridiculously slow pace of (15 miles per hour * 4.6/6.6) or 10 miles per hour and he would have immediately fallen behind the Secret Service followup car. Both Z-255 and Z-340 are fixed points in space known with fairly good certainty.

If the Z-film was filmed at 48 frames per second, both the times for the limo’s actions and those of Clint Hill are slowed proportionately and do not change outcome.

Some claim that Greer and Kellerman were involved in the plot. If so why would they risk their lives by being in the limo which would be the target of the shots? They would be in the line of fire. What guarantee would they have that they might not get hit by the crossfire? Quite unlikely.

Vinny wrote:Some claim that Greer and Kellerman were involved in the plot. If so why would they risk their lives by being in the limo which would be the target of the shots? They would be in the line of fire. What guarantee would they have that they might not get hit by the crossfire? Quite unlikely.

Exactly! If you’ve ever seen the movie Executive Action, which in many ways is better than Oliver Stone’s JFK, two teams of assassins practice triangulated fire on a moving vehicle. One team used a car to tow the target vehicle. The other was driven but the driver had a helmet and bulletproof vest. So I don’t think Greer or Kellerman were in on the plot. Nor was Clint Hill. That doesn’t rule out others

Clearly Greer did not react appropriately. Apparently, he was quite distraught over the assassination and retired on disability a few years later. I have some sympathy for Greer. Not knowing where the shots were coming from, it’s reasonable to conclude that agents from the followup car might be in a better position to do as Clint Hill did and sprint to the limo and shield JFK. That’s one one of the reasons the followup car tried to stay within 5 feet behind the limo.

I timed myself running across an intersection that had a timer for pedestrians. I measured out the distance at 120 feet. Giving myself a running start, I crossed the intersection in 6 seconds giving an average speed of 20 feet/sec or just under 15 miles/hour. But I am twice as old as Clint Hill was in 1963. One trial I had a day pack on but it didn’t make any difference. So I think 15 miles/hour is a pretty reasonable speed.

I just came across a book written by retired Kodak engineers that worked at the “Hawkeye Works” in Rochester, NY. This is where the Zapruder film was supposedly altered prior to being twice examined by two compartmentalized teams at the National Photographic Interpretation Center. I have only skimmed it so far but I see indications that cast doubt on that scenario. Tentatively, what I think is possible is that copies were made under differing development techniques to bring out more contrast that might be useful in analysis. Maybe that’s why Dino Brugioni said the head shot was more vivid in the film he saw.

Yes there is this odd sensation about Zap and those copies and his story and Dino's.



Zap is driven around by police and kept a tight leash on him and his film.
Tight leash...Until the copies are made then everyone ditches Zap... he has to drive himself to drop off the copy at Sorrells office then has to drive out to the airbase to get a copy onto a jet... weird.

Dino's observations of the vividness lead to two possibilities.
That was the ICO (in cam original) or an enhanced second generation.
I ask why wouldn't they alter edit or adjust the film in Dallas, Washington, Hollywood etc... and how did one team at Hawkeyeworks get an unslit film... see where that goes.
Cheers
Ed

The film Executive Action is a good one. Much more realistic than Stone's movie. The Z film was not altered because they couldn't. They didn't even know what the official story was going to be until the lawyers got a hold of it (i.e., the WC) and started fitting round pegs into square holes, resulting in the single bullet theory. By then, the Z film had been sold to LIFE magazine.

What would have been easier to do? Take a home movie and try to manipulate it in a way to make the SBT work and when Hollywood couldn't even have done it right with all of their high tech back then? 

Or come up with a theory like the SBT, claim it as the official way it went down, and leave it at that, which is pretty much how it happened? And keep the full running Z film from the public until 1975, which is also what happened?

Kellerman and the others were NOT involved in the murder in any way. Loose lips sink ships and it was a tightly controlled murder. People forget it was a very different time back then. JFK was mobbed coming off the beach in CA [look up the photo]. During the motorcade, there's a photo of the car next to a bus with people leaning out of it. It was a freer time back then which played into the hands very well in Dealey.

Right and Zfilm was a bad job and not shown as a film in sequence... but out of sequence frames printed in a magazine with Life telling you what you see.
Life tell you about the head snap?
Why not?
Explanation aside.

Life gave you a false impression?
The Warren Commission said 'Hold My Beer'!

The two sets of briefing boards tell us the feds knew the official story by Friday night. The CIA says change the film, then change briefing boards, so on so forth. Cover up.

The fact Hoover Johnson  et al. on Friday say the police have their man with no accomplices ie to shut up Fritz Curry Wade about international conspiracy, LBJ telling Fritz 'You have your man' ...and then the autopsy. Oh Nellie.
Whew, after seeing JFKs wounds theres no doubt what needs done to cover it up.
Machinery was in motion already per Lamar Waldron.

By the time Lee is murdered I'm guessing they had a product but stopped work.
What you see is that mess.

Youre right it was a different time, government lied people died.
The Warren Commission attorneys could make stuff up. And it wasnt "keep it from the public till 1975"... it was to never show it as a film ever.
Whatever, we gotta 'thank' Groden for him stealing it and the network airing it.

Hollywood would do a slightly better job or at least more convincing home movie. They have before.

How do the Feds get rid of first hit to JFKs throat from the front? Heck, they just claim it was from the rear... and they did. Shucks they didnt need to stop there, they got cocky and said not only did JFK get shot from the front from the back, but Connally was hit then too. News to Connally who'd given the sequence numerous times before the SBT that dismissed Connally as his own witness.

Executive Action was a more truthful accounting of an assassination as it was planned.
They'd have bought up any films that showed their story to be bullshit too. CYA insurance.
Now we have NARA and SFM and still a locked down film.
The Wilkerson highres scans arent exactly doing the whole narrative any service but made it abundantly clear what zavada types avoid when looking at this.

Fake evidence surrounds this case.
They have Lee at embassies in MC for christ sake!
Tapes? photos?... none to to see with Lee in them though.
Lee was in freaking Houston.
Back yard photos are real claim XYZ person.
We know for a fact those BYPs are BS.
But add a black patch crudely to jfks head to matte out the rear skull exit and suddenly thats preposterous to claim fakery. Please.
I can agree the film isnt made up.
He did get shot and the limo left.
Other than that we should examine any reliance on questioned data.

Not everything is a conspiracy, just the important stuff... this seemed important,,  right.

Keep Rokc'n

Right and Zfilm was a bad job and not shown as a film in sequence... but out of sequence frames printed in a magazine with Life telling you what you see.
Life tell you about the head snap?
Why not?
Explanation aside.

Big deal, Ed. Showing two or three frames in a magazine out of sequence doesn't change the fact that the film itself is what came out of the camera intact. As a matter of fact, this is further proof of what I've said before - it's much easier to flip a few frames in a magazine to perhaps change the narrative rather than try to do a wholesale film alteration.

The two sets of briefing boards tell us the feds knew the official story by Friday night. The CIA says change the film, then change briefing boards, so on so forth. Cover up.

The changing boards were nothing more than an adjustment. They thought the shots were further down on Elm and after seeing the Z film, they realized it happened further up the street and moved the toy cars and strings further up. Again, this does not change anything related to the film.

The fact Hoover Johnson  et al. on Friday say the police have their man with no accomplices ie to shut up Fritz Curry Wade about international conspiracy, LBJ telling Fritz 'You have your man' ...and then the autopsy. Oh Nellie. Whew, after seeing JFKs wounds theres no doubt what needs done to cover it up.

Yes, Ed, I agree with you. Johnson didn't want to start a nuclear war because the goal was to make Oswald look like he was in cahoots with Cuba and thus Russia. But that was all stifled. Plus, the more ultimate goal was the Kennedys were out of the way at that point. I do sometimes think the right-wing/Texas angle was somehow involved in this though. The Albert Thomas wink to LBJ after he was sworn in is, at minimum, suspicious. The Kennedys and the photographer thought so too. To me, the wink means, "Well, old boy, it worked out just like they said it would..."

Wink photo -- http://www.umsl.edu/~thomaskp/wink.jpg

By the time Lee is murdered I'm guessing they had a product but stopped work.
What you see is that mess.

The FBI was working the case into spring '64. Below is one of my favorite photos because it shows their reenactment. Notice the sticker on the back of the stand-in's neck. The thinking is how did the bullet that hit his back [marked lower] - and had no real exit point [per the autopsy] - come out higher than the front throat wound. They couldn't figure it out and thus, the SBT was born by the lawyers.



Hollywood...

I wouldn't give Hollywood too much credit, Ed. Yes, they were able to do some nice optical EFX back then given the equipment they had at the time but if you look at what they did as compared to today [good example is Ten Commandments] there's no way they would have been able to alter the Z film. If Charlton Heston couldn't part the seas cleanly, how could you ever expect them to perform magic alterations in a home movie?

Better to leave it alone and hope the public never gets to see the full sequence, which happened until '75.

BYP...

Yes, I agree with you, Ed. To me, the BYP were absolutely needed to point the finger at Oswald, which is why they made damn sure that the photos had his head in the photos, the left-wing papers, the alleged pistol he was carrying in the theater and the alleged rifle he supposedly used up on the 6th floor. Without these photos, they really had nothing else on him except innuendo and hearsay testimony which came out later during the WC hearings.

Right Wing/Texas angle

Ironically, they succeeded in the assassination but then got Civil Rights, Voting Rights, the Great Society, Immigration Act of 1965 and a host of other left wing measures as well as the war in Vietnam they wanted but conducted in the most fucked up manner possible with Cuba and Castro left untouched. All from the same government that covered up the assassination? Does that sound reasonable?

Back Wound Too Low for Throat Exit

That’s why they had Rydberg draw JFK bent over as though he was tying his shoes. And why Dale Myers has JFK’s neck curved like a flamingo. Trying to put a square peg in a round hole. The discrepancy between the back wound and the throat wound as well as evidence that Connally was reacting to a hit by a second bullet which was fired less than 2.5 seconds (CBS determination of minimum time between shots using a moving target) before the head shot are the best indicators of either multiple shooters or a more rapidly fireable weapon from a lower elevation without the religious wars over autopsy photos, jet effects etc.

Backyard Photos

I have a copy of Dino Brugioni’s book “Photo Fakery” where he defends the analysis which concludes the BYPs are genuine. If he missed fakery in both the BYPs and the Z-film, he’s not a very good photo analyst. 

https://www.amazon.com/Photo-Fakery-History-Deception-Manipulation/dp/1574881663/ref=sr_1_1?Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.x=0&Adv-Srch-Books-Submit.y=0&qid=1653410304&refinements=p_28%3Aphoto+fakery&s=books&sr=1-1&unfiltered=1

Has anyone ever been able to fake a similar photo using materials and technology of the day and have it pass undetected by a recognized photo authentication expert? It should be a simple experiment yet I am not aware of any attempt to do so. Forget about a similar experiment on 8mm movie film.

Hollywood

If there were substantial alterations to the Z-film, a better candidate than Hawkeye Works is the Air Force’s facility at Lookout Mountain in Los Angeles. They did the film recording of nuclear tests as well as make training and propaganda films. Probably had access to Hollywood animators/technicians who had security clearances. It was once part of the Strategic Air Command under LeMay. I’m surprised Z-film alterationists haven’t thought of this. Maybe I’ve spawned a monster.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookout_Mountain_Air_Force_Station

By the way, Hawkeye Works was built as a civilian Kodak facility. The reconnaissance photo engineering/processing initially took place at the Lincoln facility some distance away but still in Rochester NY. The U2/Corona work demands outgrew the Lincoln building and a secure part of the Hawkeye Works was partitioned for classified activities. That part had the code name “Bridgehead”. Hawkey Works itself was not a classified code name.

Big deal they falsified the record and should of known better having the film to look at and a copy too if need be. Yeah so what if its not as described.

https://www.c-span.org/video/?154212-1/photo-fakery#

@24:54 depth of field aka frame 303

RIT was whom he agreed with their vanishing point analysis which appears to be correct for the background... ie yes thats actually the back yard.
Then he says the grains are consistent on the negative. That doesnt comfirm the contents of the image and he knows it because he just showed examples of that type of manipulation.

Dino was great at discerning a faked photo from the original.
Spot the difference.
As long as he had both to compare .... his techniques were like those used by photo contests. They dont allow cropped photos because those can be manipulated from the original.
Dino was also a politically correct animal as noted in his book. So he defends the "analysis" but showed no scientific analysis of his own in support...?

He showed tiny Russians or huge missles but cant compare a rifle to a man?

Dino admitted "There is still no manual for the lay person to use in discerning fake photography," writes Brugioni nor any manual for the professional.
Besides his book does not give any professional instruction.

Dino is best known in the JFK assassination field for what was kept from him.

At the end of the video he notes a judge wouldnt know a negative is real. Just if it matched the photo then its admissable. The tests one might do may already be compensated for.
A good fake is one thats impossible to tell but then how'd you know? 

Cheers